how to9 apply the technics of Shock protection and bracing
May0
Hamid Sadeghipour
18.05.2012
The stresses add to each other on the earth to create an earthquake. As the building codes recommend some bracing to have a more resistant building, a good design and construction materials are important as well. It is the same for bracing a fault or two layers. Sometimes in the pictures of the earthquakes, we see a new fault on the road, or the action of an underground fault. Sometimes, the fault is under a uniform layer. These faults, if near the surface, could be seen by road construction machineries work, or electrical methods, out of our article scope. But to reduce the impact of the earthquakes, we can brace observable faults. Two steel beams with two holes on each end an connecting by a hydraulic cylinder. You weld some shorter beams under each large beam, then you dig some holes and place these short beams inside and feel with concrete. To install the impact protection or mortification of impact, you weld triangles made of short beams to each other to make a ring but you leave a space of 40 degree free. You weld some short beams under the ring and you dig the holes and place your ring over the fault. Certainly your innovation helps you t5o develop a more practical and efficient way. I think we can do some bracing over financial deals. We know the share prices goes down, almost, by stronger dollar, higher oil price, or precious metals price increase. When some company offer his shares, he can buy and make a combination of dollar, oil and precious metal shares to offer to his shareholders. If the price of his shares goes down the other share lessen the risk. Be4sidews the insurance company can offer an insurance to each share with different coefficient. Then, the investors come to the industries to invest.
Shock protection and bracing
May0
Hamid Sadeghipour
4 May 2012
On the second page of Time weekly Magazine dated 23 April 2012 you see an advertisement about Breguet: Breguet, the innovator: Invention of the shock-protection device, 1790, a small shock absorber placed on the balancer and connected to chassis (if I make no mistake; I studied watch repairing some 20 years ago for 100 hours course). We can instead of bracing on the earth layers, install some big iron ring leaving some 40 degree of it blank, over a layer and connect it to the layer above it. Now, the movements of layers, for example, in the Persian golf –Arabian plate is sometimes to south -east and sometime to north –east and it makes some shocks. Later, the movements is completely north –east in the north Hemisphere. The movement for the southern Hemisphere would be reversed as well. Earthquakes of western Turkey or south- west of Iran, and even in the north of Iran shows the present situation. It is a must to erect and place bracings and shock protections as soon as possible. Do not forget, please, to cool down the earth appropriately as the sun activities continues this year. The beneficiaries from this article should take care for Breguet, if he asks for patent. I hope Breguet helps international community.
How to overcome the drought this year and next year
Apr0
Hamid Sadeghipour
02.04.2012
The drought would be a problem for this year and next year. We have to find some solution to our problem. At the end of 1980’s, I wrote an article on sky map and how to acquire rain from Milky Way. If we find a freeway having the same direction as Milky Way during the day and we travel along, we might attract the asteroids or stones as well, as one asteroid will pass near the earth in February 2013. But, as these asteroids can pass nearby and make damages to the earth, it should be under close watch for possible strike. If true, with simulation we can lunch a rocket to strike and explode the asteroid with leaving less danger. Even, to lunch more rockets as anti-anti missiles. I would like to mention a book under the title of: INTRODUCTION A LA PHYSIQUE DES INTERIEUR STELLAIRES. The translation is Introduction to Physics of Stellar Interior, written by V. Kourganoff, by Dunod Publisher- Paris- France 1970. On the page 159 we read: to become unstable and the place of convective movements. A layer of gas needs to have an absolute value for the gradient (relative) of temperature greater than (0.4) times of absolute value of gradient (relative) of pressure. And we mentioned a partial ionization favors, as well, the convection. How to ionize the atmosphere over the Oceans? We can lunch a rocket built from the plastics. We can install a big magnet and batteries inside the rocket. As it is passing through the atmosphere it ionizes the air and produces convection and we have the cloud formation. Please, take care of the presence of the moon during the day. When present, the efforts should be more to realize the process.
Bracing the faults, even in the sea
Mar0
Hamid Sadeghipour
25.03.2012
In one of my article I mentioned the magma due to movement of the earth toward the east has a direction to the east and as the magma move from the south to the north from hot to cold, we have a direction of north-east for north hemisphere. It is true for south hemisphere and the direction is south-east. The difference is when the summer is the season of south hemisphere, the direction in the south east is more emphasized, and in the north hemisphere the magma convection has less strength. We know the magma has convection and it is stronger in the deeper zones. Now, for moment, the south east direction of magma in the south hemisphere draws the deeper layers more and consequently affects the north hemisphere. It drags, for example the layers more deep in the Saudi Arabia- Persian golf. Why we have the south- western earthquakes of Iran. How to arrange with these layers? We have to identify the write place to install a bracing system, even in the sea; we can install a platform like petroleum exploration platforms and install a bracing system on the foots sitting on a sea fault or layer border. It could be a solution to control unwanted movements and studying it to install more systems.
Northern Europe drought
Mar0
Hamid Sadeghipour
15.03.2012
In the news, we had the drought of some European countries. The drought happens almost everywhere. The recent solar activity during recent months sent a lot of particles towards the earth. A proton from the sun strikes a nucleus of the air like nitrogen or oxygen and pulverizes it. And mesons are created. Mesons µ+ or µ- have an average life of 2X 10 to power of -6 . With the speed of light, the proton should strike the air nucleus near the earth to be able to penetrate into the soil and underground.
3x105 km/s x 2 x 10 to power of -6 = 0.6 km
The mass of meson µ is 206 times the mass of electrons. The intensity of the mesons in the depth of 60 km under of the earth surface is 0.1 times of the intensity on the surface of the earth. The intensity of sun rays in the north of Europe is twice of the south of Europe (North of France and south of Italy). It is known that conduction of heat from a depth of 100 km to the surface of the earth will require 300 million years. By the way, from nearly2000 particles from the sky, 1% arrives to the surface and 1 over 10000 particles µ arrives to the depth of 500 meters under the earth surface. Normally, the energy arriving to upper atmosphere is 1.94 cal/ square cm s. In a square km we have 194x108 cal/s. We have 1 cal=1.16222222 x10-6 kwhr. Then,
194x108 x1.16222222 x10-6 = 22547 kwhr/sq. Km.
During the strong sun activity, the intensity might be 30 times of normal time= 30x 22547= 6764100 kwhr/sq.km.; َAs 10000/1 particles arrive to -50 km under the earth surface, 676 kwhr/sq.km arrives to this depth. It creates some current and magnetizes more. The dusts are attracted to the earth and we have less nucleation in the clouds. If we can take electricity from the soil or discharging the soil, we can have more rain. But later by lower sun activity it is better to stop such practice.
From the book: Cosmic rays in the series of Que sais-je? And McGraw-Hill publishing Co.
Please, Takle care for 5th March 2012
Mar0
Hamid Sadeghipour
01 March 2012
The next 5th March from 12:30 to 16:30 UTC most of the
planets are present in the sky. For the days before and after this event check your astronomy data’s.
The earthquake might happen anywhere.
I was thinking to long minute- hand and hour- hand. For photon entanglement, by laser pointing to holes you create a long watch minute- hand. Therefore the problem of time might be solved.
Two small Hawaiian Earthquakes
Feb0
Hamid Sadeghipour
22.02.2012
The recent two weak Earthquakes of Hawaii could be very important. We know when something strokes the Earth to form the Moon; some part of the Pacific Ocean was removed. Later, the ocean bed rose like a dome. But, this dome was broken in the west and made movement and separation of New Zealand from Australia. Hawaiian Islands were formed by eruption of the center of the dome. Layer movements caused the whole Islands. Therefore, the earthquakes and eruptions of Hawaii might show the lower layers activity.
I try to bring your attention to some facts from the book under the name of: Foundation of boundary layer theory for momentum, heat, and mass transfer. The book is written by Josef A. Schetz and other sources. Let’s take the thickness of viscous layer over a solid surface to a distance from the solid surface we reach 99% of velocity Ue.
I could not up load the picture, but, please, try to refer to the literature on this subject, in the web or books. The curve is like this L) with parenthesis beginning in the origin of coordinates shown as L.
Ue is a velocity with internal energy of e and the its value depends on the velocity on exterior edge. But, the fluid flowing in this thickness δ you see on the picture is named “Boundary layer”.
On this picture we suppose the main flow of liquid flows from left to right and there is a solid surface as you see. You can refer to the literature on this topic for more information. On the solid surface y=0 means the velocity is zero (u(x,0)=0). The velocity increases from zero along the y axis till you reach to Ue (x) on the edge of boundary layer with velocity of non viscous fluid. We will use a conservation law for a control volume in a direction along x axis as H> δ(x), y=H to y=0. The differential should be in the direction of the flow that means dx as the variation of flow in y direction has less importance. The mass entering from the left into the control volume is equal to
∫ρudy between zero and H
The flow going out from right is:
∫ρudy + (d/dx) [∫ρudy] dx between zero and H
With ρ = density and m= ρV with V= Volume;
If the object is solid and flow is steady, the mass in control volume will be constant. Therefore, the difference between two amounts should enter or exits from the top. If the wall is porous, some amount of the flow by the νm enter the element. The amount of the flow is ρw νw, that should be subtracted from the present difference to find out the flow amount received from the top. The author continues to take all the aspects and finally write formula for pressure for non viscous flow, immediately behind boundary layer by Bernoulli equation.
(-1/ρ)(dp/dx)= Ue (dUe/dx) and
θ Ξ ∫ [1-(u/Ue)](u/Ue)dy
between zero and δ,
and δ* Ξ ∫ [1-(u/Ue)]dy between zero and δ
And resulting in (dθ /dx) + (1/Ue) (dUe/dx) (2θ+ δ* ) – (νw / Ue) = Cf /2
Here ρw = ρ= cte.
For inviscid fluid we have more flowing in the region of 0<= y<= δ; the flow has no speed to a certain distance and the velocity increase linearly increase to u= Ue and then remain constant to boundary layer. The viscous profile remains the same as the mentioned drawing. Now take the curve upside-down, and the solid surface as the earth crest. As we go deeper inside the earth from the crest the fluid becomes more inviscid and velocity increase. Then, we arrive to convection as centrifugal force makes eruption. In the case of the sun it is hydrogen that ionize and goes up and condensate and comes down. The study by Gaizauskaus, Harvey, Harvey, and Zwaan raise some interesting questions. Each emerging active region carries a flux of about 10 to power of 23 Maxwells, which disappears (rather than spreading out over the surface of the sun) after a few weeks as the next active region emerges in the same site (activity complex). Their observations show that the total flux appearing in an activity complex over a period of about 6 months was 10 to power of 24 Maxwells if one assumes that each eruption of magnetic field involves fresh flux. You see the activity of the sun does not appear every time as a flare. But the earth is influenced. It could be the same for the earth and inside convections. Therefore, Hawaiian small activity might show an eruption in future. And, the European should take care for Iceland as well. Anyhow it is a supposition. For Photon Entanglement we have the same, as the laser is working we have the connection with other photons. If you extinguish your laser and you find always the same photon, we have entanglement, otherwise it is an imaging.
Quantum Entanglement
Feb0
Recently Scientific American had an article under the title of:
Quantum Entanglement Experiments Expand to Include 8 Photons
I gathered the following text from some sites:
The quantum phenomenon known as entanglement is the property of two particles with a common origin or some multiple particles sharing correlated properties—across arbitrarily large distances. What makes them special is that the two or more act as though they were one photon. That is, whatever we do to the one automatically and immediately happens to the cousins as well. For example, if we change the spin direction of one photon its cousins’ spin direction immediately changes as well. For instance, a pair of entangled photons in different locations might be joined by their polarizations, a property that describes the orientation of a light wave’s oscillation. Measure one photon’s polarization and the polarization of the other instantly assume the same value.
Certain unstable elements naturally emit entangled photons. The radioactive cesium is one of them. There is a lot on the web; you can look it up.
Now, experimenters at the University of Science and Technology of China (USTC) in Shanghai have entangled not one but four pairs of photons, linking the polarizations of eight photons. The achievement, described in a study published online February 12 in Nature Photonics, extends the range of previous experiments that had entangled up to six photons. (Scientific American is part of Nature Publishing Group.) Even larger ensembles have been entangled using individual atoms as the particle of choice, but entangled photons hold much promise for quantum communication schemes, since they can carry messages across large distances.
Xing-Can Yao and his colleagues at USTC calculated that if they simply extended previous six-photon experiments to include another pair of entangled photons, it would take roughly 10 hours of experimental time to generate one entangled eight-photon set.
But imperfections within the structure of the quantum dot create differences in the energy levels (rung heights) between the two pathways, making them distinguishable and creating photons with predetermined, clearly defined polarizations. Except in rare instances, this holds true even for the reliable, widely fabricated indium gallium arsenide (InGaAs) dots that JQI researcher Andreas Muller and his colleagues created at NIST. Muller and his coworkers solved this problem by beaming a laser at the quantum dot. The laser’s electric field shifts the energy levels in one of the pathways so that the two pathways match up, resulting in the emission of entangled photons.
Entangled photons have come from individual quantum dots before, but they have been spotted by hunting for dots in large samples whose imperfections accidentally gave the two pathways identical energy structure. JQI group leader Glenn Solomon says that this entanglement technique could work for a wide variety of quantum dots. Though the dots must be cooled to cryogenic temperatures, he adds that quantum dots could offer advantages as entanglement sources over their conventional crystal counterparts as they are less bulky and can conveniently produce one pair of entangled photons at a time, instead of in bunches.
The problem with entanglement is they use a quantum dot. Let me remind you the first attempt to amplify a wave. It was a lamp with emitter, collector and a gate. The gate was a grid or a network. You could supply the speech wave from antenna and some voltage to grid and receiving the amplified wave. Later by adding some impurity, 6ppm arsenic, to pure, for example, silicon, you could have a semiconductor. This is the same as a grid, but in a large extent. What is amplifying? A small amplitude becomes a large amplitude. An exact superposition of the same wave over and over. In semiconductors, a grid of atoms makes such superposition. I believe we create a series of mirror to reflect the images of all these superposed waves. These are images we see. By changing a property of one photon we see the images.
South-Western Earthquake of Damavand
Feb0
Hamid Sadeghipour
17.02.2012
The South- Western earthquake of Damavand is happening in the same broken region of Damavand ancient volcano eruption. This earthquake might be due to Arabia tectonic plate that makes pressure to western part. When we come from Amole to Tehran, before we arrive to mountainous region, we arrive to a National park. If we construct a tourism complex in the foot of this mountain and avoid free movement of this mountain in some point, maybe it could be a solution.